Pt J.N.M. Medical College Raipur came in to existence on 9th September 1963 when the college was started with 60 students in a small OPD block of Ayurvedic College. The college received recognition from Medical Council of India in 1969. MBBS seats were increased from 100 to 150 in the year 2009.

P.G. courses were started in the year 1971-72. At present the college admits 95 students per year for MD/MS and 21 students for two year diploma courses in the various departments.On 30th September 1976, the construction of the new college building in its present location was completed with four modern lecture theatre fully equipped with audio visual facility, dissection halls, laboratories, a very well stocked library and complete indoor and out door sports facilities. The college has a 650 seated Auditorium besides the main building. It is the venue for most of the scientific, social and cultural gatherings round the year due to its ample capacity and central location. Apart from academic activities the student body actively participates in various extra curricular activities like sports, fine arts, literary events, drama, dances etc. during its annual function held during November-December every year.

Until 1995 the local district hospital (D. K. Hospital) was attached to the college as the teaching hospital. In the year 1995, 700 bedded Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital came into existence in the college campus and was officially affiliated to the college as the teaching hospital. Pt J.N.M. Medical College is the only tertiary level medical and health institution which provides specialty health services to the approximate 2 crore population of the state of Chhattisgarh. The OPD service runs daily from 8.30 am to 1.30 pm, except Sunday, with 24 hours emergency services. Average daily OPD attendance is more than 900 patients with more than 100 major and minor surgical procedures done daily across the 11 fully equipped operation theatres.