Bihar Veterinary College was founded by Sir Henry Wheeler – then Governor of Bihar & Orissa – as Bihar & Orissa Veterinary College in 1927. It is the fifth oldest veterinary college of undivided India. The college started functioning from 7 April 1927 and became fully operational in 1930.

R. T. Davis – Director of Veterinary Services Bihar and Orissa[6] – was the first principal of the college and the college was known for its research in various branches of veterinary medicine such as – Breeding, Feeding, Management and Disease control of Livestock & Poultry species.

From 1930 to 1949 the college awarded a 3-year diploma as Graduate of Bihar Veterinary College (G.B.V.C) diploma. In 1949, the college started four-year degree courses with degrees of Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. & A.H). An emergency Diploma-Shift-Degree course was introduced in the year 1954-55. The college started Post graduate programmes in Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry from 1960.

During the course of time, the college has been affiliated to various universities for awarding degrees. It has been affiliated to Bihar University and Magadh University before it came under Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa in 1971 under the provisions of Bihar Agricultural University Act (1971). Since 2010, the college is affiliated to Bihar Agricultural University.